Lupus is an autoimmune disease in which a patient’s immune system gradually attacks their organs and tissues. Lupus is characterized by various symptoms, including inflammation of the organs and skin. This disease is not easily diagnosed since its signs mimic many other conditions. The most unique sign of lupus is a rash on both cheeks, resembling butterfly wings.

Read on for common lupus signs and risk factors:

1. Pain or swelling of joints

Lupus causes joint inflammation, particularly in the tiny joints of the hands and feet. The throbbing pain often shifts from one joint to the next. Some individuals with lupus have joint pain, edema, and stiffness as their primary symptoms. Lupus is unlikely to cause lasting damage or modify the form of joints. However, it may sometimes result in significant joint difficulties. Any new joint discomfort should be reported to your doctor or a professional nurse.

2. Headaches

Dizziness, behavioral changes, visual issues, and even strokes or seizures may occur if lupus affects your brain. Many patients with lupus have trouble remembering things and expressing themselves. Some experts think that migraines are caused by lupus inflaming the central nervous system and blood vessels during its active phases.

3. Low fever

Low-grade fever is an early symptom of lupus. You may consider consulting a doctor when your temperature reaches between 98.5- and 101 degrees fahrenheit. A low-grade fever might indicate inflammation, infection, or a flare-up on the way. Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience recurring, low-grade fevers.

4. Chest pain when deep breathing

Lupus may cause inflammation of the outer layer of the lungs. Deep breathing typically causes more pain; a condition called pleurisy. Shortness of breath may result from scarring in the lungs caused by inflammation. The doctor will advise you to eat healthily, avoid smoking, receive vaccinations and undertake regular exercises.

5. Extreme fatigue

Around 90% of lupus patients suffer from extreme exhaustion. Some individuals benefit from an afternoon nap, but resting more during the day might contribute to nighttime insomnia. It may be challenging, but if you stay active and follow a regular regimen, you should be able to maintain your energy levels.

6. Swelling around the eyes

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects most body parts, including the eyes. The disease tends to cause a mild or severe swelling on the eyes of the patient. Some individuals with lupus develop Sjogren’s disease-causing their eyes to feel gritty and dry.

7. Risk factors for lupus

According to the John Hopkins Society, researchers believe lupus is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including medications, infections and stress. The following are considered prime risk factors for lupus development:

• Age: The disease affects individuals of diverse ages but is mostly detected among people between 15- and 45-years old.
• Sex: Lupus is more prevalent among women than men.
  
• Race: Lupus is common among Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans.
  
• Family history: According to studies, only 5% of children inherit lupus from their mothers. However, studies show that if an immediate relative has lupus, you stand a 5-13% chance of developing the disease.

Lupus disease treatment depends on its degree of severity and parts of the body that are affected. Some of the common treatments include NSAIDs, steroids, antimalarial, DMARDs, and biological therapies.